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The Handmaid s Tale And Brave New World - 1448 Words

Although The Handmaid’s Tale by Margret Atwood and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley involve different stories, the societies portrayed in these two dystopic novels lack the basic freedoms needed for a society to function properly. These novels present an individual whose freedom has been stripped away by a government that controls all aspects of their life -knowledge, individuality, relationships with others- in order to maintain stability in a fragile society. The Handmaid s Tale studies our human nature by showing an internal struggle in the novels protagonist Offred. Whether she chose the adoption of the current social norms or her battle for the sake of individual well-being and humanity. In Huxley’s Brave New World, the protagonist John the Savage is the symbol of the old world and morality. John lives his ideals out and rejects the society s values. Both these protagonists appear isolated in their own thoughts, it is themselves against the rest of society. This pr esentation of these characters leads to hopeless thoughts in the reader and that they are in fact fighting an inevitable defeat. Throughout both novels the author’s use of conflict to show control of knowledge from the past society to the present day makes it apparent that a dystopic society exists. In The Handmaids Tale it is forbidden for the handmaids to read or write in order for the leaders to control the understanding their citizens can develop and there are consequences if the rules are disobeyed.Show MoreRelatedMargaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale1544 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism as we know it began in the mid 1960 s as the Women s Liberation Movement. Among its chief tenants is the idea of women s empowerment, the idea that women are capable of doing and should be allowed to do anything men can do. Feminists believe that neither sex is naturally superior. They stand behind the idea that women are inherently just as strong and intelligent as the so-called stronger sex. Many writers have taken up the cause of feminism in their work. One of the most well known writersRead More Feminism In The H andmaids Tale Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism In The Handmaids Tale      Ã‚  Ã‚   Feminism as we know it began in the mid 1960s as the Womens Liberation Movement. Among its chief tenants is the idea of womens empowerment, the idea that women are capable of doing and should be allowed to do anything men can do. Feminists believe that neither sex is naturally superior. They stand behind the idea that women are inherently just as strong and intelligent as the so-called stronger sex. Many writers have taken up the cause of feminismRead MoreOrwell s 1984 And Huxley s Brave New World1821 Words   |  8 PagesHuxley’s Brave New World, the oppressed are mollified and manipulated by propaganda, indoctrination and betrayal in 1984 and by excessive drug use in A Brave New World, and in both novels the oppressed seem to be complicit in their oppression. This pattern is also compellingly reflected in the tale of persecution presented by Margaret Atwood in The Handmaids Tale and the dystopian society of Gilead. Unlike other dystopian novels and actua l historical events, however, Atwood introduces a new persecutedRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1540 Words   |  7 Pages Handmaid’s Tale The literary masterpiece The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, is a story not unlike a cold fire; hope peeking through the miserable and meaningless world in which the protagonist gets trapped. The society depicts the discrimination towards femininity, blaming women for their low birth rate and taking away the right from the females to be educated ,forbidding them from reading or writing. These appear in Ethan Alter’s observations that: In this brave new world, women are subjugatedRead MoreAnalysis Of Margaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagessuperego. When examined using this theory, Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, a dystopian novel about a patriarchal totalitarian government that has replaced the United States of America, is particularly interesting. The story’s protagonist and narrator is a woman referred to as Offred, who lives in the fairly new Republic of Gilead which has taken the place of the United States. She is what is known as a Handmaid; alarmingly low reproductive rates led to young women whom are able to reproduceRead MoreWhat Analysis of the Female Role Does Atwood Offer in The Handmaids Tale?2016 Words   |  9 Pages The Handmaids Tale is set in the early twentieth century in the futuristic Republic of Gilead, formerly the United States of America. The Republic has been founded by a Christian response to declining birthrates. The government rules using biblical teachings that have been distorted to justify the inhumane practices. In Gilead, women are categorized by their age, marital status and fertility. Men are categorised by their age. Women all have separate roles in society, and although these rolesRead MoreRelationship Between Men and Women: Jane Eyre and The Handmaids Tale1775 Words   |  8 Pagesrevolution.’ Where Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Jane Eyre is a clear depiction of the subjugation of women by men in nineteenth-century Western culture, Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale explores the consequences of a reversal of women’s rights by men. This twentieth-century tradition of dystopian novels is a possible influence, with classics like Aldous Huxley’s Brave New W orld and George Orwell’s 1984 standing prominence. The pessimism associated with novels of this genre—where society is presented as frightening and restrictive—exposesRead MoreThe Classics Are Those Books Essay1137 Words   |  5 Pagesthey are in the best condition to enjoy them. The classics are books which exercise a particular influence, both when they imprint themselves on our imagination as unforgettable, and when they hide in the layers of memory disguised as the individual s or the collective unconscious. A classic is a book which with each rereading offers as much of a sense of discovery as the first reading. A classic is a book which even when we read it for the first time gives the sense of rereading something we have

Contemporary Issues in Accounting Dicksmith Holding Ltd

Question: Describe about the Contemporary Issues in Accounting for Dicksmith Holding Ltd. Answer: Introduction For the purpose of this assignment, the annual reports of Dicksmith Holding Ltd and BHP Billiton Ltd have been opted. A brief comparison of both the companies will be done through this assignment in order to know whether material disclosure (whether financial or non-financial) have been done by both the companies because such disclosures are very significant for users of financial statements to make economic decisions considering the financial position and performance of the companies. Moreover, it is clearly observable through their annual reports of 2015 that both the companies have complied with statutory requirements as per the AASB conceptual framework. According to Everingham (2007) it has to be noted that due to a significant increase in the number of transactions, disclosure of irrelevant information has been deemed secondary for companies because these do not facilitate in decision-making. Considering the amount of transactions, companies have only disclosed that information which is relevant and reliable to users of their financial statements. Compliance with Conceptual Framework for reporting The annual report of Dicksmith Holding Ltd and BHP Billiton Ltd has been selected for the purpose of compliance with AASB requirements and conceptual framework. According to the disclosure standards required by the Australian Corporate Sector, every company is bound to comply with the qualitative characteristics of conceptual framework for reporting (IASB, 2010). Dicksmith Holding Ltd and BHP Billiton Ltd, being an ASX company also complies with such characteristics as observable through its annual report, 2015As per (Conceptual Framework (2016) these characteristics mainly include fair representation, relevance and materiality and the companies have successfully complied with these characteristics as per the conceptual framework of reporting. (Source: Dicksmith Holding Annual report, 2015) With respect to the corporate governance practices of the company, Dicksmith has committed to achieve highest corporate governance standards by conducting business according to the ASX recommendations outlined in the third edition of ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations. BHP Billiton has furnished reports not only in accordance with the Principles and Recommendations issued by ASX but also with the UK Corporate Governance Code that also includes the Turnbull Guidance stated in the annual report of BHP Billiton (2015). Furthermore, Dicksmith provides material information regarding the disclosure of information of material directorships that are currently held by it, and if the candidate is re-elected, then will he be regarded as an independent director or not and also a statement whether the Board of the company supports such re-election. Dicksmith has also provided material information regarding the disclosure of material risks as it is prone to many risks like mal feasance and fraud, safety and health of workplace, macro-economic risks including effects on consumer discretionary spending, cash management risks, reputational risks, competition policy risks etc. Hence, materiality characteristics with respect to conceptual framework have been followed by Dicksmith. Similarly, BHP Billiton also considers risk tolerance and materiality as prime considerations for decision making. It has disclosed material information regarding investments in low-emission technologies in order to minimize emissions from fossil fuels. Furthermore, in respect of material risks, BHP discloses competition policy risks, deflation of prices risk, sustainability risks, arrangement of leasing risks, water-related material risks etc. In respect of relevance, Dicksmith provides several relevant details that have higher predictive value. For example, it provides relevant information regarding product efficiency levels under which minimum energy performance standards are necessitated for retailers so that the products that are sold in New Zealand and Australia have efficiency labels. Furthermore, it also provides relevant information regarding the compliance of amended and new accounting interpretations and standards in accordance with the AASB requirements. Relevant information to facilitate election and re-election of directors are also provided by Dicksmith to assist in decision-making (Dicksmith Holding, 2015). Considering the case of BHP Billiton, it has also provided significant information as per the AASB standards and conceptual framework of financial reporting (Conceptual Framework, 2016). It discloses relevant details about its KPI (key performance indicators) that helps to evaluate the financial performan ce and sustainable development of the company. It also discloses relevant information on the HSEC (Health, Safety, Environment and Community) trends like the evaluation of performance, alignment with requirements of other companies etc. Relevant information on climate change, variations in standards of corporate governance, commodity markets etc are also disclosed by BHP Billiton and stated in the annual report of BHP Billiton (2015). Hence, both the companies have also complied with the relevance characteristic of conceptual framework. (Source: BHP Billiton Annual report, 2015) Furthermore, both the companies have also portrayed a true and fair representation of their financial statements in their annual reports. From the annual report of Dicksmith, it can be seen that the CEO and Managing Director, CFO and Finance Director of the company have certified the truthfulness of the report. Provided in the annual report of Dicksmith Holding (2015) a written declaration has been given by the Board to these directors which states that the annual report has been formed on a sound basis method of internal control and risk management which is functioning efficiently, thereby giving a true and fair view of the financial statements. In note 2 of the financial statements of the company, directors have also stated that the consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of AASB 101 (Presentation of financial statements) and also comply with IFRS. Similarly, the directors of BHP Billiton have stated in their declaration that the financial statements are t rue to the best of their knowledge. Notes set out in section 7.1 and 7.2 of the financial statements also prove that the annual report is in accordance with the Australian Corporations Act 2001 and UK Companies Act 2006. Therefore, both companies also comply with the faithful representation characteristic of conceptual framework. Compliance with AASB Standard Requirements In relation to Dicksmith, firstly it has followed the AASB 101 standard which states that the financial statements of the company are in compliance with the IFRS requirements. Secondly, the assets and liabilities related with employee benefits together with deferred assets and liabilities of the company are in accordance with AASB 119 Employee Benefits and AASB 112 Income Taxes respectively. Thirdly, assets held for sale are in accordance with AASB 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations. Lastly, as per IASB (2010).the contingent assets and liabilities of the company are in accordance with AASB 137 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. In relation to BHP Billiton, it has also followed the AASB 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations after the demerger of South32. It also follows the AASB 116 Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE). Fixed assets of the company are recorded at historical cost less depreciation and current assets are recorded at minimum of net realizable cost or value. It is observable through the companys balance sheet that fixed assets are investigated and carrying values are disclosed. After investigation, these fixed costs are recorded at cost less provision for impairment. Stated in the annual report of BHP Billiton (2015) the impairment charges as evident from the annual report are US$2.8billion on Onshore US assets, US$409million on Nickel West assets and US$542million on goodwill and other intangible assets. It can be seen that the valuation of fixed assets of this company complies with the AASB standards. (Source: BHP Billiton Annual report, 2015) Hence, both Dicksmith Holding Ltd and BHP Billiton have complied with the conceptual framework and AASB requirements. Inclusion of Prudence to remove disparities in corporate reporting Under the prudence concept, amounts of income identified must not be overestimated and amount of expenses must not be underestimated. In other words, companies must not recognize an asset at a higher value than the amount which can be recovered from its sale or use. Similarly, liabilities must not be recognized at a lower value than the amount at which they are expected to be paid in future. As per A tale of Prudence (2015) management must be cautious and conservative in recording the assets while not underestimating the liabilities. The outcome of this surely must be conservatively stated financial statements. The International Accounting Standards Board recognized the importance of prudence in the year 2010 but as it conflicted with the concepts of neutrality, it had to be removed. In the year 2015, IASB further reinstated the prudence concept through an Exposure Draft in the conceptual framework for financial reporting. As per Melville (2013) another method of looking at the prude nce concept is to record an income or asset transaction only when it is certain and record a liability or an expense transaction when it is probable in nature. With the support of this amendment in the conceptual framework (2016), companies will have to remain cautious in the events of uncertainties and risks. It can be concluded that this concept helps in removing predilections from the financial statements from the annual reports of Dicksmith and BHP Billiton, it can be observed that both companies have adopted the concept of prudence in their annual reports. (Source: Dicksmith Holding Annual report, 2015) In relation to Dicksmith, the identification of the companys profits proves the inclusion of prudence concept when these depict risks and uncertainties about future outcomes. Furthermore, the assets which are held for sale are recorded in accordance with AASB 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations instead of being identified as fair values. This is the concept of prudence where assets held for sale are not written up and instead written down to their recoverable values. Similarly, in relation to BHP Billiton, the impairment events which results in the write-down of an assets carrying amount is subject to the concept of prudence as this overcomes the normal distribution of a non-current assets cost above its efficient life. As per Brigham Daves (2012) IASB has redressed the limitations that impacted the relevance of prudence but sadly, many companies find the applicability of prudence in accounting very difficult and hence more standardization is required. Critical evaluation Both Dicksmith and BHP Billiton have successfully complied with the conceptual framework of accounting and AASB requirements in their annual reports. In relation to corporate governance, Dicksmith follows only ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations while BHP follows both UK Corporate Governance Code and ASX Recommendations. On one hand, the majority of underlying earnings of Dicksmith originate from consumer electronic items while BHP mainly earns from Onshore US Assets including Petroleum, coal, copper and iron-ore. Both the companies have adopted a whistle-blowing policy on violations of code of conduct (Dicksmith Holding, 2015). Dicksmith has more advantage than BHP in case of corporate governance of the company because it has outlined several principles that must be followed by every person associated with the company. It not only ensures integrity and morality but also transparency in the annual reports. BHP mainly aims for a high corporate governance standard f or enhancement of long-term value, that is short-term value is not given due importance. But due to this purpose, BHP benefits in the long-run as its policies and corporate governance standards have high flexibility for enhancing long-term value (Needles Powers, 2013). (Source: BHP Billiton Annual report, 2015) The disclosure policy of Dicksmith is observed under the Corporations Act 2001 and Listing Rules. It must disclose any such information to the Australian Stock Exchanges that can have a material impact on its price value of shares. As per Dicksmith Holding (2015) a continuous Disclosure Policy has been established by the company which aims to ensure that every investor has equal and timely availability of relevant information relating to the company. Directors are bound to comply with this policy that includes delegation of responsibilities. If any officer or employee of the company becomes known to any material information that can be price-sensitive, he is bound to report of such happening to the disclosure officer (Company Secretary) of the company. Important announcements relating to the company is first made public on its website before complying with continuous disclosure policies. In relation to the disclosure of BHP Billiton, it can be observed that for the purposes of IFRS, it has disclosed its demerged assets which are treated as discontinued operations of the company. It also discloses information relating to its operations in hydraulic fracturing done on federal lands. Chemicals and water used for such operations are also disclosed and laid down in the annual report of BHP Billiton (2015). As the company is committed towards open and transparent communications with public, government and investors, it discloses relevant information towards the CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project) which is a measure of activities that any company has undertaken for management of carbon. According to Kalpan (2011) disclosure of such information has resulted in an enhancement of the CDP score of the company since 2013. In relation to the market risks, company has disclosed quantitative and qualitative information and the primary market risks can be found in section 1.15.1 of the annual report while outstanding sensitive instruments (market risk) is consisted in note 23 of the financial statements. (Source: BHP Billiton Annual report, 2015) As per Carmichael Graham (2012) in relation to royalty and tax liabilities, company has disclosed various provisions regarding such tax liabilities and contingent liabilities that include estimates of transfer pricing and other issues where uncertainty is present during the application of law. A disclosure committee is also appointed by the company that purposes to see whether the company has complied with disclosure requirements and other security dealings or not. In relation to political donations, contribution to public debate of policy matters that can impact the operation of the company is disclosed through AEC (Australian Electoral Commission) purposes, in the Directors report. According to the UK requirements in the remuneration report, BHP is also bound to disclose relevant information regarding the Directors. AASB, IFRS and Australian Corporations Act 2001 also bound the company to disclose information relating with the Key Managerial Personnel. Information associated with the remuneration of directors including KMP, ordinary transactions and shareholdings etc are also required to be disclosed by BHP Billiton. The information disclosed by BHP Billiton and Dicksmith are clearly of material nature and must not be ignored by the companies, whether it is compulsory or not, because it facilitates in better decision-making by the users of financial statements. Recommendations After a critical evaluation of the annual reports of both Dicksmith and BHP Billiton, it can be stated that disclosures that are of relevant nature must be disclosed by the companies because users can take an effective decision on the basis of them. However, it is recommended that any information that is not relevant must be discarded by the companies as it diminishes the usefulness of valuable information. As per Gibson (2010) with days passing by, there has been a significant increase in accounting transactions and if companies do not adhere to disclosure policies, then not only users will face problems, but the company itself will. It is highly recommended that companies must not only follow the conceptual framework for accounting but the disclosure principle must also be given significant consideration because it helps in reducing risks that have originated through such complexities in transactions. Conclusion It can be concluded that conceptual framework of accounting and disclosure principles play a key role in enhancing the usefulness of information present in the financial statements. Considering the example of Dicksmith and BHP Billiton, both have complied with such frameworks and AASB requirements. They have also successfully complied with the disclosure policies as laid down in their annual reports which surely must have been very useful to every user. On a whole, it can be said that conceptual framework, accounting standard requirement and the disclosure principle are altogether an essential ingredient of a useful financial statement. Companies adhering to such ingredient enjoy a good reputation in the market and are very less prone to risks. References A tale of Prudence 2015, Investor perspectives, [online] Available at: https://www.ifrs.org/Investor-resources/Investor-perspectives 2/Documents/Prudence_Investor-Perspective_Conceptual-FW.PDF [Accessed 17 August 2016]. BHP Billiton 2015, BHP Billiton Annual Report and accounts 2015, [online] Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2015/bhpbillitonannualreport2015.pdf[Accessed 17 August 2016]. Brigham, E. Daves, P., 2012. Intermediate Financial Management. USA: Cengage Learning. Carmichael, D.R. and Graham, L., 2012. Accountants Handbook, Financial Accounting and General Topics. John Wiley Sons. Choi, R.D. and Meek, G.K., 2011. International accounting, Pearson . Conceptual Framework., 2016. Conceptual Framework Pronouncements, [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/Pronouncements/Conceptual-framework.aspx [Accessed 17 August 2016]. Dicksmith Holding., 2015. Dicksmith Holding Annual Report and accounts 2015, [online] Available at: https://www.dicksmith.com.au/da/ [Accessed 17 August 2016]. Everingham, G.K., Kleynhans, J.E. Posthumus, L., C 2007. Principles of Generally Accepted Accounting Practice. Juta and Company Ltd. Gibson, C., 2010. Financial Reporting and Analysis: Using Financial Accounting Information. Cengage Learning. International Accounting Standards Board., 2010. Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/Oct_2010_AP_9.3_Conceptual_Framework_Financial_Reporting_2010.pdf Kaplan, R.S., 2011. Accounting scholarship that advances professional knowledge and practice. The Accounting Review, 86(2), p. 367383. Melville, A., 2013. International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide. Pearson, Education Limited, UK Needles, B. Powers, M., 2013. Principles of Financial Accounting. Cengage Learning.

Pedophilia in Lolita free essay sample

In developing this point, I will examine pedophilia and its clinical characteristics as they relate to Humbert Humbert and our society. Pedophilia is considered an abnormal or unnatural attraction. It is defined as the fantasy or act of sexual activity with prepubescent children. Pedophilia is also a psychosexual disorder in which the fantasy or actual act of engaging in sexual activity with children is the preferred or exclusive means of achieving sexual excitement or gratification. Pedophiles may be young or old, male or female, although the great majority are males. Pedophilia is defined by mental health professional as a mental disorder, but the American legal system defines acting on a pedophilic urge as a criminal act. Many courts interpret this reference to age to mean children under the age of 18. Most mental health professionals, however, confine the definition of pedophilia to sexual activity with children who are age 13 or younger. The sexual behaviors involved in pedophilia may or may not Delatorre 2 involve the use of force. We will write a custom essay sample on Pedophilia in Lolita or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Types of activities include just looking at a child or undressing and touching a child. Some limit their behaviors to exposing themselves or masturbating in front of a child. Others, however, compel the child to participate in oral sex or full intercourse. Throughout Lolita, Humberts constant sexual perception of children is shown overtly. Humbert has a vulnerability towards children that affect his entire life prior to meeting his victim Lolita. His pedophiliac actions are associated back to an experience he once had in a garden with a girl named Annabel that left him feeling un-fulfilled. His nymphets or sexually young girls seem to take on the qualities of this young love. His entire life is constructed around desires for nymphets. Humbert, in his description of Lolita, uses the word nymphet to refer not only to her but also to other girls of her age and characteristics. Little girls that came his way before Lolita, he describes as nymphets too. The history of the word nymphet in English does not go beyond 1955 when the novel Lolita was published because its first use is in the novel. It was introduced into English by Mr. Humbert Humbert himself. According to Humbert, a nymphet possesses magic that best works on men twice or many times older than themselves. He does not understand this magic. He writes, A greater endeavor lures me on: to fix once for all the perilous magic of nymphets.. (Nabokov 126) In fact, he himself sees the destructiveness and vengefulness of the nymphet through his use of the word perilous meaning full of danger or risk. Humberts image of a nymphet is enhanced by the thoughts and memories of Annabel that he harbors. He sees Lolita as a reincarnation of Annabel. Now I wish to introduce the following Delatorre 3 idea. Between the age limits of nine and fourteen there occur maidens who, to certain bewitched travelers, twice or many times older than they, reveal their true nature which is not human, but nymphic (that is, demoniac); and these chosen creatures I propose to designate as nymphets. (Nabokov 16) Humbert does not think of nymphets as young girls, but rather as a manifestation of his particular unconventional ideals. A pedophile mistakenly believes their victims enjoy the sexual experience. When caught, pedophiles frequently accuse their victims of acting promiscuously and even of being lured into committing their acts. Pedophiles seduce their victims by giving them gifts and filling them with affection and attention. They typically know how vulnerable their victims are and take complete advantage by manipulating them. A pedophile will not stop on his own, and will not turn himself in, because he does not take responsibility for his behavior and denies that hes doing anything harmful. He will abuse until hes caught. In Chapter 31 of Part 1 of Lolita, Humbert and Lolita are in the lobby of the Enchanted Hunters only hours after consummating their sexual relationship. As Humbert arrives in the lobby to check out of the hotel, he observes Lolita as she sits reading a movie magazine in a large armchair, and his description of her progresses from a focus on her loss of innocence to a focus on her inner, demonic nature. Humbert is attempting to mitigate his own sense of guilt and self-loathing to justify his actions by presenting the truth as it seemed in his own twisted mind. However, he knew the relationship: was unacceptable or he would not have gone to such extremes to hide it throughout the novel. Yet, he attempts to present his point of view in a manner Delatorre 4 that he believes may create sympathy. By identifying Lolita as a nymphet, Humbert Humbert defends his actions. He states, Frigid gentleman of the jury! I am going to tell you something very strange: it was she who seduced me (Nabokov 132). He claims that Lolita made the first move because she is a nymphet. Although some may argue that Humbert Humbert truly loved Lolita, he shows many characteristics of extreme narcissism. Humbert exploits Lolita, takes advantage of her innocence, and manipulates her. His lust for her overrides any emotion he feels in her resistance towards him. Humbert is aware of her suffering, and for a moment he feels sadness for her, but his list quickly possesses him into his own self-regard for pleasure. Lolita tells Humbert she is sore and in pain from the night he took advantage of her, but he is only focused on the thoughts of his own self-fulfillment acts that ultimately leads to causing her more pain. When I try to analyze my own cravings, motives, actions and so forth, I surrender to a sort of retrospective imagination which feeds the analytic faculty with boundless alternatives and which causes each visualized route to fork and re-fork without end in the maddeningly complex prospect of my past. (Nabokov Part One, Ch. ) By this quote, It is clear that Humbert will go to great extremes to satisfy his needs. Since every individual is different, there are many reasons why a person may become a pedophile. Most researches say that Pedophilia is probably a result of psychological factors. There are theories that Pedophilia is the result of being sexually abused as a child. If a pedophilic person was sexually abused as a child they may be more likely to sexually abuse children. Anoth er possible cause of Pedophilia is arrested emotional development, which means that a person will Delatorre 5 find an attraction towards children because they never fully matured psychologically themselves. One other possible cause is the need to dominate a sexual partner. Since children are smaller and weaker than adults they are more easily dominated. This drive for domination could also be the reason there are more male pedophiles than there are women pedophiles. Despite his many efforts at defense, Humbert knows he has committed some serious violations referring to himself as a monster, a spider, a maniac, and a hound. Humbert certainly references the ethical dilemma he is in, but it is never so great as to prevent him from perpetrating on Lolita. Pedophilia is difficult to treat and dropouts and noncompliance to treatment are common, according to Cohen and Galynker in their 2002 article for Journal of Psychiatric Practice. Treatment involves individual therapy, group therapy and, among males, the use of androgen-suppressing hormones. In extreme cases, male pedophiles may opt for castration.

Aristotle On Pleasure Essays - Nicomachean Ethics,

Aristotle On Pleasure After nine books of contemplating different aspects of the human good, Aristotle uses this opportunity to claim contemplation as the highest form of pleasure. The final book in Nicomachean Ethics is concerned with pleasures: the understanding of each kind, and why some pleasures are better than other pleasures. The book is essentially divided into two main parts, being pleasure and happiness. I will use Terence Irwins translation and subdivisions as a guiding map for my own enquiry, and any quotation from will be taken from this text. Irwin divides the book into three sections: Pleasure, Happiness: Further discussion, and Ethics, Moral Education and Politics. With this order in place, I will go chronologically through each claim and argument, using both the text and commentaries on the text to provide an understanding and clarify any misconceptions of the arguments presented. At 1172a20 Aristotle makes his case for the ethical importance of pleasure. He says that not only do we educate childrenby pleasure and pain, [but] enjoying and hating the right things seems to be most important for virtue of character. It because of this importance that pleasure needs to be considered. Aristotle also cites the importance of pleasure because of the controversy that surrounds it with regards to the dispute about whether pleasure is the good or it is altogether base (1172a 28). The question as to whether or not pleasure is altogether base lies in the argument that since the many lean towards pleasure and are slaves to pleasures, we must lead them in the contrary direction, because that is the way to reach the intermediate condition (1172a 30). Anyone who offers the claim that all pleasures are altogether base would have to be free from ever seeking any type of pleasure, in any degree to award any sort of truth to this claim. St. Thomas Aquinas responds similarly to this in saying: It hardly seems correct for people to say what they do not believethat pleasures are just evil to withdraw us from them, because in questions of human actions and passions we give less credence to words that to actions. For if a man does what he says is evil, he incites by his example more than he restrains by his word (Aquinas, 862). Following the lead of both Aristotle and Aquinas, it becomes clearer that neither believe that it is pleasure is evil in itself. Since the groundwork is then laid out, and there can be no objection to Aristotles calling pleasure what it is, he proceeds with his arguments. At 1172b10 Aristotle marks that that no sound argument can prove that pleasure is the good. He then uses Eudoxus arguments as his starting point. Eudoxus thought that pleasure is in the category of the good, and divided his thoughts into three parts. For each of the parts, I will quote in full, to ensure that the arguments are not misinterpreted. In the first, he saw that those animals: Both rational and non-rational seek it. (b) In everything, what is choiceworthy is decent, and what is most choiceworthy is supreme. (c) Each thing finds its own good, just as it finds its own nourishment. (d) Hence, when all things are drawn to the same thing [i.e. pleasure], this indicates that it is best for all. (e) And what is good for all, what all aim at is the good (1172b 10-15). In an initial response to this, Aristotle remarks that that Eudoxus arguments were considered good because of the arguments in themselves, but because of the character of the man. His second argument makes the same claim from the contrary. He said that: (a) pain in itself is to be avoided for all. (b) Similarly, then, its contrary is choiceworthy for all. (c) What is most choiceworthy is what we choose not because of, or for the sake of, anything else. (d) And it is agreed that this is the character of pleasure, since we never ask anyone what his end is in being pleased, on the assumption that pleasure is choiceworthy in itself. His final argument is simply that when pleasure is added to any other good, e.g. to just or temperate action, it makes that good more choiceworthy; and

Ladies Gentleman Essay Essay Example

Ladies Gentleman Essay Essay Example Ladies Gentleman Essay Essay Ladies Gentleman Essay Essay The point was about the term â€Å"ladies and gentlemen. † It would be easy to believe of upper category adult females in brassy frocks and excessive chapeaus and work forces in dress suits and top chapeaus when speaking about ladies and gentlemen. However. one of my ends when utilizing the footings is to do their definitions much more than mere visual aspect. if visual aspect at all. This modernisation of the footings helps conveying the definition into the current century and throw away the traditional and really closed-minded definition. It is for this ground that I believe being a lady or gentleman is based on personality. how a individual treats others. I speak for most people who use the term â€Å"ladies and gentlemen† in mention to a person’s behavior. non a person’s category. societal standing. race. gender. Some. when faced with the footings â€Å"ladies and gentlemen. † will instantly presume the worst by utilizing the out-of-date definitions. Some will besides delve for grounds to label those who use â€Å"ladies and gentlemen† . In labeling us this manner. these people do non ease any kind of advancement for the footings or for any kind of integrity for adult females. or work forces. ladies or gentleman. We live where we ought to non judge people by the colour of their tegument. their category. gender. or gender. with all of this. there are still groups who refuse to take off their winkers. Ladies and Gentleman. now there is a stating that has been with us for a long clip. but what does it truly intend and where did it come from? Let’s start with the ladies as we all have been known to make in the century we live in today to ever let ladies to be foremost. The term ladies could intend many different things to many different civilizations so let’s acquire the 1 that is chiefly recognized by all. There are legion definitions of a lady and I am certain that we all have varied sentiments of what a lady is. but here is a few from the lexicon. â€Å"Chiefly British A general feminine rubric of aristocracy and other rank. specifically. Used as the rubric for the married woman or widow of a knight or Bart. Used as a signifier of reference for a marchioness. countess. viscounts. baroness. or baronets’ . Used as a signifier of reference for the married woman or widow of a baron. Used as a courtesy rubric for the girl of a duke. a Marquis. or an Earl. Used as a courtesy rubric for the married woman of a younger boy of a duke or marquis† ( Ladies. n. . ) . To discourse gentleman. as in mention to ladies is an wholly different subject but closely related. However to divide them is about UN heard of in this society we live in today. The author here feels it of necessity to come up with a definition of what is a gentleman where did this term semen from. The definition of what the dictionary provinces is: . A adult male of soft or baronial birth or superior societal place: â€Å"He’s excessively much a gentleman to be a scholar† . Used as a signifier of reference for a group of work forces ( gentleman. n. . ) . Now we have a general thought of what a Ladies and a gentleman Are. let’s put them together to acquire a better apprehension of â€Å"Ladies and Gentleman† . To take a expression at them separately is one facet to see but let’s expression at what a well rounded individual is first and first prior to going a Lady or a gentleman. I’Uomo Universal Literally. â€Å"universal Man† a ego reliant. multitalented. freethinking single â€Å" ( Sayre H 2008-2012 ) . From the art work to the poesy of art and even the given doctrine that was all merely a cultural portion of turning with the ages was known to do Ladies and gentleman and chiefly a humanist in all signifiers of the century. It was certain beliefs and attitudes to assist do people what is universally known every bit good rounded. However the importance from instruction to cultural patterns from doctrine made them who they were and their pattern of going ladies and gentleman. In a study conducted I was able to canvass 10 people and from vary ages and backgrounds. Although they all had varies sentiments on what a lady and what a gentleman is. It was a small redundant on what the ladies had to state refering their definitions. and what the work forces had in their responses. The simple fact from the ladies side was largely about the frock of a lady and how they carried themselves in public. However on the men’s side of the scenario it was largely about them being of a maternal inherent aptitude. and idiosyncrasies of a lady one being polite. sincere and affably whole. However when it came to the Gentleman portion of this study it was all about holding nice employment and being a good supplier. and one time once more a good male parent figure. Funny as it seems this was from both the male and the female’s sentiment. My age bracket was from one. my boy who is 20 one. to my neighbour who is in their 1960ss. The ladies were a adult female in their mid mid-twentiess to my female parent in her late 1970ss. Their careers were that of fabrication to one of a professional adult female a instructor. However it was an interesting fact when I asked these inquiries to my miss who was brought up good as she calls it bluish blood. or if you will high society and her idea’s and experiences being brought up to be a lady. The fact that she was taught to courtesy in her early old ages and to hold proper idiosyncrasies of that type of upbringing to be able to be presented to other able blue blooded work forces at 18 for a possible mate to guarantee of proper engendering from their lineage was slightly a brainsick response to my inquiries on being a lady or a gentleman. Therefore to some things up and to propose whether or non I agree with Castiglione and his descriptions of a adult female and that of a adult male or should we state a lady and a gentleman? To be or non to be the existent inquiry. a adult female. lady or adult male or gentleman. Therefore I will portion my sentiments on the positives. I see fit and the negatives that I believe could be harmful to 1s general character. To be born out of aristocracy would be an amazing trade but when and where we were born and the freedom of pick in our upbringing is one I am a small half and half on if that makes sense. in other words I do believe it is fantastic to be born with your parents and holding them portion of your life to assist steer you. and to forestall mistakes in their civilization to assist do you a good rounded individual. However to experience that a judgement is made upon you from whose household you were born into and how you were to dress and what reactions one would hold towards you because of your aristocracy at birth and being told you believe this manner or that manner I feel is incorrect. Therefore to be judgmental of the tegument the frock and down to the linguistic communication and how it is spoken to others and to hold their worthiness by a person’s size is a small implausible but possibly in that century the judgement rang true of a person’s actions be it male or female. To be a lady who plucks eyebrows or pulverizations their face. or to be a motiveless adult females to honest work forces or I believe the proper term here is prostitute. Work force of good position and construct for contending wars or one whom is of a cowardice nature. but what of those work forces who categorically merely did non mensurate up to the criterions of a combatant for wars. In our society today we are slightly powerless of what our physical stature is to go and hence about impossible to state what we will go and certainly plays an of import function in the attitude towards that.

Eating Fast Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eating Fast Food - Essay Example He was a very hardworking boy who was determined to achieve his dream and transforming the society to a better place. As such, at the age of 24, he decided to relocate from Ohio, his hometown to Anaheim, California where he was offered an opportunity to work in his uncle’s factory. Driven by ambition of doing his personal business, he decided to purchase a hot dog cart in 1939 and started hawking his hot dogs in the streets to customers using the cart. His main customers were mainly those in cars who could not have time to go and eat at home. With the growing demand, the business flourished very fast. In a span of just five months, he bought another cart to enable him expand his business, after which he decided to open Carl’s Drive-In Barbeque, the first ever fast food restaurant in the world (Schlosser, 2002, p.20). Karcher’s business grew very fast and as eating in the car became a way of life, which later extended to the church. The Drive-In Church in California is notably the fast church to adopt the fast food service. Later on, the idea was adopted by Richard and Maurice McDonald, who opened up â€Å"McDonald’s Famous Hamburgers† in 1939. Tired of having to hire carhops, as was the case with Karcher, they decided to close up the business and fired all their employees (Jakle and Sculle 2002, p.56-59). They then opened up a â€Å"New McDonald’s, restaurant that only operated on plastics and paper, thereby abandoning the use of dishes, glasses, and silverwares. This system increased speed and efficiency and received a lot of appreciation and admiration from many people who later on began imitating the McDonald Brothers. This saw the establishment of restaurants such as Wendy’s Old-fashioned Hamburger, Burger, King, Durkin Donuts, Taco Bell, and Kentucky Frie nd Chicken, just to name but a few (Hall, 2011, p.34-38). The idea of fast food later spread to other nation around the globe. For example, in the United