Good Use :: Teaching Writing Education Essays

Great Use (Reminder sent to colleagues from the leader of a Fortune 200 organization) Yo, hommies...Your work here has been the bomb of late. How about we meet at that occurrence bar and chug down a few. On the off chance that you can't come, give da man a wilderness! Da Prez. (A letter sent to a kindergardener from his folks) Dear Son, On this being your first day on your street of formal instruction, we wish you well. It would be ideal if you obtain immense information, have incredible delight, and we will anticipate your arrival to educate us about your span at school. Investigate these two instances of composing. Neither of them appear to be adequate here. Might it be on the grounds that 'Great Use' was not effectively utilized? These two instances of composing might be exceptable for certain individuals however they are unquestionably are not satisfactory in these circumstances. For instance, on the grounds that a leader of a Fortune 200 organization holds such a renowned situation in the work power, he ought not be depicting a pack style picture to his representatives. Then again, a youngster ought not be relied upon to comprehend the stodgy languaged letter from his folks. There are a few classes of composing that are utilized regularly between various individuals. An individual who can judge when to utilize a specific style of writing in a given condition and can utilize it capably is an individual who realizes how to utilize the English language well. As I stated, there are numerous classes of right English relying on what circumstance you are in. A little youngster would not have a broad jargon so their acknowledged composed English would be of an exceptionally basic and potentially incorrectly spelled style. An African-American young person may write in Ebonics and attempt to adapt the composition to depict a group picture in the event that he/she is attempting to act extreme among their companions. Secondary school and understudies would write in the cool language that is acknowledged among their companions, truncate words, and have inadequate sentence structure on the grounds that between companions, they would recognize what each is discussing. Likewise, a business expert would write in amiable terms and utilize educated words relating to their specific field of work. One single individual may have a few classes of right English that they use consistently. One model might be of an alumni understudy. This alumni understudy goes to class, has companions, and may have an occupation in their field of study. Consequently, this individual would utilize his composed business English style at his working environment, the cool English style of composing among companions, and an insightful English style for his doctoral level college work.

Short Story the Most Dangerous Game Free Essays

Sanger Rainsford is an American tracker (p. 68) and book-writer(p. 71) in the short story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†. We will compose a custom exposition test on Short Story the Most Dangerous Game or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Rainsford was abandoned on the island â€Å"Ship-Trap Island† because of his yacht falling into pieces from hitting the obscure, concealed ridges in the water(p. 69). Rainsford was the main overcomer of the wreck. When Rainsford was walking on the island, he followed strides paving the way to an unpredictable house. Much to his dismay that he was strolling into the home of General Zaroff, a Russian aristocratic(p. 2) major game tracker, who before long got uninterested in chasing creatures any longer, he would much rather chase people as a result of their intellect(p. 74-75). Ivan was a hard of hearing; profoundly uneducated, hard of hearing, Russian man who was a right hand to General Zaroff(p. 72). The story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† happens on a little island named â€Å"Ship-Trap Island†(p. 67). The island is called â€Å"Ship-Trap Island† in light of the fact that it had no admonitions of ridges that ships frequently sink/crash their vessels on.The Most Dangerous Game† was in the time period of about the mid 1920s(p. 66). Rainsford was given three days to make due against Ivan and General Zaroff in a destructive hunt(p. 76). Zaroff was phenomenally eager to chase Rainsford in light of the fact that he realized that Rainsford had information and strategies on the topic chasing, and General Zaroff cherished a challange. On the primary night of the chase, General Zaroff gets Sanger Rainsford by getting him in a tree, however Zaroff chose to save his life, for he needed an all the more testing game(p. 9). Saving Rainsford’s life was a lethal misstep for Zaroff, on the grounds that at long last, Rainsford snuck up on Zaroff and murdered him(p. 83). â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† was told by the storyteller in third individual point of view. The storyteller was constrained omniscient, he depicted the character’s activities, yet he didn't portray their considerations and thoughts. The subject that I gained from this story was that the tracker turned into the pursued, which means it’s not extremely simple to know how somebody feels without going for a stroll from their point of view. Toward the start of the story before the yacht collided with the precipices, Rainsford expressed that chasing is the best game on the planet, however Whitney answered that it is for the tracker, yet not the panther (p. 68). The state of mind that I felt most in this story was anticipation. One occasion occurred after another, for example, when the yacht slammed (p. 69), Rainsford heard three firearm shots from a what appeared to be an island with complete opening (p. 69). This story consistently made them foresee for the following exciting occasion. The most effective method to refer to Short Story the Most Dangerous Game, Papers

Essay on Social Issues

Essay on Social IssuesA college student who wishes to write an essay on social issues should put in an honest effort to really think about the issue. Every student has had the experience of wanting to write and reading some essay on a topic and then looking back and thinking that this could have been done differently. This will help the student to write a well-written essay on a given topic.During the first few weeks of class, many students work hard to learn all of the vocabulary and skills that they need to be successful in the future. By the time the semester is over, these same students are exhausted and unsure what skills they have and how much they will need to continue working to develop their own personal style. It is important for students to take time to truly think about what they need to know about certain topics and to investigate them and their corresponding media.Students should write their own essays on social issues when they understand their own experiences with tho se issues. Studying the social issues will give students a fuller understanding of how different people respond to certain issues and how they feel about their responses. By taking the time to research, reflect, and think about their own experiences with these issues, they will find it easier to research, think, and write about these issues.Writing an essay on social issues should not be something that students simply do when a teacher says that it is needed. They should choose to write this type of essay by asking themselves if they understand the issue and then considering the various ways that they can use their voice and their ideas to write a response to the issue. Students can write from the point of view of their own opinion, but there are also writing tools that allow students to write from a perspective that they agree with. They can write about how other students responded to the issue and how they responded.Students should not think that the essay on social issues is only for students who are liberal and want to voice their opinions. Students should take the time to consider whether they have a more moderate or conservative point of view when they are writing a response to a social issue. There are different ways to go about this, but students should be able to determine which way best suits them and their overall approach to the issue.Asking yourself questions such as why you feel it is necessary to write an essay on these issues is a great way to weigh your options and come up with better and more persuasive reasons for writing an essay on these issues. You might feel that your feelings are strong enough to put forth a serious and sincere argument, or you might be able to convince yourself that writing this type of essay is necessary to help you deal with the issues. A student should carefully think about what types of issues they feel strongly about and ask themselves why they feel this way.Finally, students should write an essay on social issues that contains both their own opinions and that of their peers. By writing an essay on social issues that contains both their own opinions and that of their peers, they will find that they can provide a fresh perspective on these topics. By writing an essay on social issues that provides a new perspective, they will be able to compare and contrast the different points of view and know more about how their own views and opinions relate to the issues.A student who has ever written an essay on social issues should spend some time on their own considering what they would write about. While writing the essay, they should reflect on how they were able to craft a well-written response that contained their own opinions. By taking the time to carefully think about and write an essay on social issues, students will find that they can write a well-rounded essay that gives them a chance to write from their own perspective and that of their peers.

Requirements for a Geography Degree

Earning your college degree in geography shows prospective employers that you can solve problems, research solutions, utilize technology, and see the big picture. A typical geography degree involves a wide variety of coursework within the discipline to expose students to all aspects of this fascinating wide-ranging subject. Undergrad Geography Coursework A typical undergraduate geography degree consists of coursework in geography and other disciplines. In many cases, the college courses taken in other subjects fulfill a students general education (or GE) requirement. These courses can be in subjects such as English, chemistry, geology, math, sociology, political science, foreign language, history, physical education, and other sciences or social sciences. Every college or university has different general education or core required courses for all students earning a degree from that university. In addition, geography departments may impose additional interdisciplinary requirements on students. You will typically find that a college or university will offer either of Bachelor of Arts degree in geography or a Bachelor of Science degree in geography. Some colleges and universities offer both Bachelor of Arts degree (B.A. or A.B.) and the Bachelor of Science degree (B.S.) in geography. The B.S. degree will typically require more science and math than a B.A. degree but again, this varies; either way, its a bachelors degree in geography. As a geography major, you will be able to select from a plethora of interesting courses about all facets of geography as you work toward your geography degree. However, there are always core courses that every geography major must meet. Lower Division Course Requirements These initial courses are typically lower-division courses, which means they are designed for freshmen and sophomores (students in their first and second years of college, respectively).  These courses are usually: An introduction to physical geography lecture (sometimes including a laboratory course in which you make maps, using Geographic Information Systems [GIS], work with compasses and topographic maps, etc.)An introduction to cultural or human geography lectureWorld regional geography lecture During the first two years of college, a student would likely take their lower-division geography courses and maybe a handful of other lower-division geography courses. However, freshman and sophomore years are usually the time to take your general education courses to get them out of the way. You will take most of your geography courses (and your schedule will mostly be geography courses) only during your junior and senior years (third and fourth years, respectively). Upper Division Course Requirements There are core upper-division requirements that usually include: Geographic techniques and methods (learning about geography journals, the use of the library, research, using computers for cartography and GIS, using other software platforms, and learning how to think geographicallyCartography and/or Geographic Information Systems Laboratory (4 to 8 hours a week learning how to make maps and making maps on the computer)History of geographic thought (learning about the history and philosophy of geography as an academic discipline)Quantitative geography (statistics and analysis of geographic problems)One upper-division course in physical geographyOne upper-division course in cultural or human geographyOne regional geography course to learn about a specific region of the worldSenior project or capstone project or advanced seminarFieldwork or internship Additional Geography Concentrations Then, in addition to the core upper-division courses, a student working toward a geography degree might focus on a specific concentration of geography. Your choices for a concentration might be: Urban and/or economic geography and/or planningGeographic Information Systems and/or cartographyPhysical geography, environmental studies, climatology, or geomorphology (the study of landforms and the processes that shape them)Human or cultural geographyRegional geography A student would likely be required to take three or more upper-division courses within at least one concentration. Sometimes more than one concentration is required. Upon completion of all coursework and university requirements for a geography degree, a student is able to graduate and show the world that he or she is capable of great things and is an asset to any employer!

Movies rollercoaster - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 31 Words: 9171 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION Movies are rollercoaster ride that have the tremendous power to entertain and to teach. They can be a powerful tool to bring about effective social change true or false? It seems intuitive and logical that a well made film- especially one with a compelling narrative and well-crafted outreach plan would serve as a catalyst to change minds, encourage viewers to change entrenched behaviors, and start inform or reenergize social movements (Barrett and Leddy, Fledging Fund, Dec08). But another group of people believe that it can be surprisingly difficult to make a firm connection between the power of a film and social change so the social impact of movies needs to be better understood and documented although it is important to note that not all films are intended to be agents of social change, nor should they be. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Movies rollercoaster" essay for you Create order Some are simply lovely moving stories whose primary purpose is to entertain and share a compelling story. The concept of empowerment is inescapably tied to the idea of disempowerment and thus refers to the process by which those who have been denied the ability to make choices acquire such ability (Kabeer, 1999). Empowerment in essence entails a process of change. It refers to the expansion in peoples ability to make strategic life decisions in situations where earlier this ability was not given to them. Batliwala (1994) defines empowerment in terms of how much influence people have over external actions that matter to their welfare. The World Bank has identified empowerment as one the key development goals. The promotion of womens empowerment is based on a dual argument, the first part of which states that social justice is a vital part of human welfare and that womens empowerment in itself is a means to other ends. The most important element of empowerment is that it is a process (Kabeer 2001; Chen 1992; Rowlands 1995, Oxaal and Baden 1997). According to Jejeebhoy (1997), even though t erms like autonomy and empowerment seem like similar concepts, there is an important line of difference between them. The former represents resemblance to a static state while latter is something that continuous to change over time. The concept of empowerment of women does not necessarily imply that a change in the position of women can be brought about only by their own action or that empowering themselves is the responsibility of individual women themselves. It is looked upon as a collective responsibility of every individual member of the society in his own regard as well the responsibility of various legal and political institutions. Most researchers believe that in order to bring about women empowerment it is imperative to have collective action in the public sphere. Individual actions when combined together can help bring about significant normative changes at a broader or societal level. According to sociological theories of diffusion, new ideas and practices often spread gra dually without the realization that any fundamental change is occurring (Rogers 1995). At last comes a tipping point where the new processes become strong enough in themselves to create a revolution and to create a change in the collective consciousness. Empirical research on gender issues in the field of sociology, economics, demography and anthropology has increased significantly in the last three decades. However, research is yet to make a clear establishment on what is the one factor or the most significant factor that can alone influence this issue. There is still a lot of scope for research on the various dimensions and factors associated with the concept of empowerment. In this paper an attempt has been made to form a link between the awareness created about the issue of empowerment of women through movies. Movies are an important part of the modern day life and a powerful source of influence. Its impact on various areas in peoples lives cannot be denied. However, how powerful a medium it is to mobilize people for a social cause, to change their attitudes and perceptions about them, is an area open for debate and exploration. Movies influence people in different ways be it in their lifestyle or thought process. If this channel can be effectively tapped to reach out to people and effectively communicate social messages pertaining to different issues of concern then it will become easier to reach out to thousands of people across geographies and to create a change in the collective consciousness, to mobilize people towards a cause for the greater good and create a change at the societal level. In this paper an attempt has been made to study through va rious hypotheses the impact of movies in generating social awareness in the viewers pertaining to the cause of empowerment of women and the various dimensions that affect the impact that is created.The purpose of this paper is to explore the link between films and coordinated outreach efforts as change agents. i.e. whether an individual would actually change his opinion after seeing a movie. If yes, then movies are a very powerful medium to fight against the perils of the society. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of the paper is to understand and analyze the extent to which movies influence peoples perception about various social issues. Contributions of factors such as the movie characteristics, movie success in making a movie an effective instrument for generating social awareness will also be analyzed. MODEL The model links the movie characteristics and success of the movies to the overall social awareness generated. Respondents attributes consisting of gender acts as the mediator for this model. The constructs decided for the research are: 1. Movie Characteristics: This parameter consist the characteristics of the movie, various components which define the movie Storyline This component indicates how well the issue has been depicted through the movies script. The film should have a compelling narrative that can not only engage the viewers but also illustrate complex problems in a lucid manner. Popularity of the Director Star Cast The popularity of the director has a major impact on the pre release success and ratings a movie. The more the popularity and fame of the director and the star cast the more will be people talk about it. Promotion Done This component will incorporate the promotional activities undertaken before the release of the movie. The pre-release promotion and publicity of the movie plays a significant role in the revenue generated. Through our research we will try to analyze how these variables impact the success of a movie and the social awareness generated by it. 2. Success of the Movie: Different people have different criteria while measuring the success of a movie. For some it is the revenue generated by the movie, for others it comprises of the number of awards the movie has won. The various components which represent a movies success are listed below. 3. Social Awareness Generated:The ultimate objective is the social change which in this research paper is women empowerment. It is a long and complex process, however, in some cases there are key indicators of success. These can be in the form of legislative or policy changes or a shift in public dialogue or how issues are framed and discussed. One needs to be clear about the kind of social issue that a movie addresses and accordingly set reasonable expectations in respect of impact generated. In this paper we intend to evaluate the social change in the society by the following three variables:Action-Under this we look at the short term effect i.e. in terms of the immediate actions taken by the respondents as result of the impact caused by the movie in question. Impact- This variable looks at a more long term effect caused by the movie in terms of changes in peoples perception, attitude and behavior towards a particular issue or cause. Methods In this research paper we intend to study these variables via questionnaire, where in we will try and gauge the change in the level of activity under all these variables after they saw the movie. The study undertaken for the purpose of this paper has been done mainly through primary data collection. The sample population has been taken as group of 150 persons on whom a survey was administered in order to collect the necessary information. The area of research as undertaken in this paper is relatively new as a result of which no fixed methods and scales were available to study the effect of the movies in the manner as required by us. As a result of this on the basis of some of the existing scales and measures we developed a list of statements that would help us to capture the essence of all the variables that had been taken to represent a given construct. The statements so developed were clubbed together to form a simple questionnaire that could be administered upon the respondents. The measure of these was taken with the help of a five point Likert Scale, which gauges the response of the consumers on a continuum varying from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The developmen t of the statements to capture the social awareness generated in people about women empowerment has been made on the lines of the Spreitzers (1995; 1996) empowerment instrument, the validity of which has been established and proven. This instrument makes use of four dimensions when assessing the effect of empowerment in people, which in this case we have used to determine how deeply people are affected by the movie and the extent which they feel responsible for things and are willing to take action for the same even on a long run. The essence of the awareness generated among people has been captured on two levels: the first refers to the immediate action that they took to act on the particular issue and the second tries to capture the change in peoples perception and behavior on a sustained basis. The statements as available in the Spreitzers instrument have been modified suitably in order to test or capture the impact as created on the movie viewers. Since the scale used in this st udy is not a pre established one and has been developed by us for the purpose of this study therefore the instrument was required to be put through a test of face validity before it could be administered to the respondents. Face validity is basically a test conducted in order to judge whether something looks like it is going to measure what it is intended to measure. In order to test this the original questionnaire was sent to a few experts and their views and opinion obtained on whether they felt that the statements were able to rightly get the message across to the respondent and capture the meaning as was intended by us. According to their suggestions some of the statements that were incorporated in the initial questionnaire were dropped as due to their extreme generic nature they were not able to convey the right kind of meaning and get the response as was required for the purpose of the study. The statements that were removed were: The director of a movie influences my decision to watch the movie. Im more likely to watch a movie if made by a famous producer/director. The star cast of a movie influences my decision to watch a movie. Im more likely to watch a movie if it has a famous star cast. After making the necessary revisions we were able to come up with a questionnaire that could convey meaning to people in the same sense as intended by us and which looked like it was capable of capturing the responses in the true spirit bringing about the right understanding on the part of the respondent of the various variables involved. We also went through relevant articles and journals from EBSCO and other web sources to carry out a literature review to create our hypotheses. The issue which we have addressed is women empowerment. We have selected 2 movies for the purpose of our study, namely Chake De India and Dor. The key issue that has been addressed in Chake De India is that Women are capable of creating a space for themselves in a so called male dominated society while Dor talks about a married woman who has to renounce happiness and live a life of repentance when her husband dies. Subsequently we studied the impact that both these movies had on the viewers in terms of making them aware about the pertinent issue. While selecting the movies various factors were taken into consideration in order to draw a meaningful comparison. Chak De India was selected because of the popularity of the star cast, the hype and success of the movie; whereas Dor was selected because it is not a part of commercialized cinema and t he actors and director are not as famous as in the case of Chake De India. Literature Review Existing Research Available In 1920s movie exploded as mainstream entertainment as there were no radio or TV set during that period. A lot of researchers believed that movies had impact on attitude and behaviours of people and they launched a series of studies focusing on effect of films. There were 13 studies conducted primarily by Edgar Dale. He studied film content and categorized them into 10 groups. An observation which came out was more than 75% fall into crime, love and sex categories. Interestingly same kind of trend can also probably been seen today. Edgar Dale used census, survey, questionnaires, case studies and personal interviews in his study. It was observed movies caused attitude, emotions, behavioural change in people who were the part of the study. Herbert Blumer conducted questionnaires and interviews with people to study how watching movies affected their behaviour. Most of the people who were studied believed that they had been influenced by movies in some way (A brief History of Media Effects Research). In one of the study, Andrew Butler of Washington University decided to simulate a classroom where films were used as a teaching tool. The accurate version of an historical event was taught to the students and they were also made to watch a movie associated with that event. The movie that was shown contained both accurate and inaccurate information about the historical incidents they depicted. The idea was to see which method led to the most accurate comprehension of the events: teaching or watching a movie. The results were really interesting, when the information in the film and the reading were contradictory that is, when the film was inaccurate the students were more likely to recall the films distorted version and were very confident in their memories, even though they were wrong (I Learned It at the Movies.By: Herbert, Wray, Scientific American Mind). In the last ten years, however, outreach strategies, have become a central component of movies, spurred by a new generation of producers (The evolving impact of documentary film: sacrifice and the rise of issue-centered outreach (1) by Whiteman, David). Thus at the societal level, movies are assumed to play a role in transmitting, maintaining, and reinforcing the societal and cultural consensus. They cultivate images of society by interpreting the world in terms of what is what is important what is right and what is related to what else. In other words, movies generally show a view of reality (Interactive Media and Its Contribution to the Construction and Destruction of Values and Character.By: Kane, Harrison D., Taub, Gordon E., Hayes, B. Grant). Films affect perceptions that people hold about the world at large and its inhabitants in particular. Even though some people may like to disregard cinema as only a frivolous means of entertainment and nothing beyond that, one cannot ignore the fact that there have been film makers who have managed to lift veil on a hidden plight. It might be about an injustice to a minority, or the courageous story of change by a single individual, but either way it raises awareness about the issue at hand (Movies Promoting Social Change by Robert Oakes). One of the most popular papers on this topic considers the following factors to be important for a movie to make an impact: Quality of the movie The movie should have a compelling narrative that can not only engage the viewers but also illustrate complex problems in a lucid manner. Ability of the film to create awareness about an issue- Awareness is the first step to any kind of social change. Care should be taken to see whether the film could reach people beyond those who already knew and cared about the issue illustrated in the movie. Public engagement This implies not only being aware of the issue to taking action on it. To evaluate a films success in this regard one can look at participation in response to facilitated dialogues, blogs, activity on various social networking sites and participation level in various Actions campaigns that are organized around that issue. The ultimate objective is the social change. It is a long and complex process, however, in some cases there are key indicators of success. These can be in the form of legislative or policy changes or a shift in public dialogue or how issues are framed and discussed. A lot of film makers are making full use of the social power of the internet to drive their social campaigns. Not only are viewers being encouraged to visit and discuss the movie on online forums after having viewed it ,but, a lot of filmmakers are also using websites to create a community before the film has been released. This is slowly becoming a critical strategy to deepen the reach and impact of films. Engaging a pre release audience increases their investment in the film and logically increases the likelihood that they will see the film and take some action. The film makers are expanding their digital reach to the likes of Facebook, YouTube, MySpace and Twitter to draw in new and diverse audiences who generally may not have been interested in a movie of that particular genre or issue. Hypothesis Characteristics are the qualities that define the core features of objects and distinguish one object from another. While defining a movie, the initial elements which come to mind are genre, storyline, impact of the personnel in the movie, music, cinematography, etc. movie characteristics are distinguished into two groups; movie traits and picture related communication. The traits describe such attributes which influence the decision of people to watch a particular movie (Jedidi, Krider and Weinberg 1998). Depending on the influence on behavior, the traits are further divided into factors which moviegoers comprehend before watching the movie such as attractiveness of personnel, genre, and success in previous years. The second category contains qualities which can be experienced only after watching the movie like the storyline or script. The script of a movie decides its fate. If the movie is not made well and is unable to grip the audience to their seats, it does not serve the purpose. The script should be able to define the issue in such a way that people can relate to it and understand the essence of the issue. Poorly made scripts eventually lead to a disinterested crowd of audience and the main motive behind making the movie is lost. The core dimension of the films impact remains the quality of the film. This basically means that the film should have a compelling narrative that can not only engage the viewers but also illustrate complex problems in a lucid manner. For this measure researchers look at a lot of dimensions such as festival acceptance, theatrical success, online buzz, international and national DVD sales as well as traditional film reviews and awards. Ridley Scott had stated once that the success of a movie is driven by the script (Silver-Lasky 2003). Eliashberg, Hui and Zhang (2006) studied the eff ect of a movies script on the box office revenue and stated that the script of a movie plays an important role in the box office revenue thus generated. Facts have shown that the revenue generated by a movie does not entirely depend on the money spent on the production, but the ability of the script to capture the issue being portrayed in a realistic manner. Finalizing the script is a tedious task and a lot of research is put into it. There is a tremendous gap between the number of scripts registered and the number of movies actually made out of them. It has been estimated through studies that each year over 15000 scripts get registered with the Writers Guild of America, whereas about 700 movies are made in America. A regularly debated question is whether the presence of stars critical to the success of a movie? The industry is full of actors and actresses but it is the ones who are on the top of the pyramid who command the highest payments. Generally people go to watch a movie because their favorite actor/actress is acting in it. Popularity of an actor is build by his previous performances and success in the film industry such as awards won by him, etc. This provides a benchmark for the viewers and they believe that the presence of that particular actor will result in the movie becoming a hit. Similarly, reputed and famous directors and producers are expected to make good films which are a box office. The expectations from these directors/ producers are far more than some not so famous directors. There is a lot of academic literature on whether the presence of stars affects the performance of a movie, however, the results have been mixed. Direct and absolute causal relationship has not been est ablished. Thurau, Walsh and Wruck (2001) studied the significance of the popularity of the star cast and producer/ director in attracting audience to the movies. The study stated that the motion pictures are a result of the contribution of numerous individuals. Movies are complex creative goods that are the results of teams of creative people working together (Caves 2000). Both the visible personnel like the onstage performers and actors as well as the invisible personnel like producer and director have an influence on the peoples choice of movie. Presence of a famous start reduces the uncertainty in the viewers mind about the movie. Arnold stated that analogous to brand names, the presence of famous stars help the movie attain a certain standard. Elberse in her study stated that a popular star as a part of a movie is like a source of free advertising for the movie. He/she can help the film maker to garner valuable resources (in this case the audience) for him/her to be able to reac h out to the masses to make the presence of his movie felt. Empirical studies by Albert (1998); Kindem (1982); Wallace, Seigerman, and Holbrook (1993) indicate that the power of stars contribute to 20 percent of the gross revenue generated by the movie. According to Schroder (1995), the director is of great importance while a motion picture is being made. It is his task to coordinate the actors, technical staff and other personnel to achieve his vision. A directors previous successes are also sometimes included for the advertising and promotion of a movie. For example Titanic was advertised using the catchphrase From the director of the movie True Lies. Brand Theories by Chang and Ki state that similar to superstars, presence of famous directors is like ingredient branding. In other words popular directors contribute to box office success by attracting audience. The success of a movie is also influenced by the promotion done for the movie. Movie promotion is done to make the people aware of the movie, create suspense and interest about the movie. If a person is unaware of a movie, its genre, star cast, director, etc then it is unlikely for him to watch the movie. The pre release promotion of a movie creates a buff and hype about the movie. Based on promos itself people start speculating the fate of the movie. A strong promotion is likely to attract more audience in the early few days of the release of the movie as the only information about the movie before its release is through its promotional activities. The different promotional activities include advertising through print media, film posters, participation of stars and directors on TV and radio, merchandising, trailers, etc. Movie promotion focuses on communicating a movies quasi-search qualities like symbolicity, presence of actors and actresses. Attempts are also made to reflect the o verall quality of the movie in its advertising through statements like The years funniest movie or testimonials. Empirical studies by Austin (1989); Eastman, Bradbury and Nemes (1985); Muller and Cheviz (1993) have shown that the customer expectations are influences by the movies trailers. However, the trailers should be such that they do not reveal the movies secrets as that interest dies down. For example the trailer of the movie What lies Beneath entirely demolishes the surprises. Ebert (2000) said that the approach of modern studio to trailers is taken from the marketing people standing in the supermarkets, offering a bite of sausage. Tasting it gives you all the ingredients of the sausage, except for the experience of eating the whole thing. Internet has become a very powerful tool for advertising. Graaf (1999) in his study stated that the success of a movie is influenced by website advertising rather than conventional advertising. Blair Witch Project was able to earn box-offic e gross revenue of 130 million dollors in USA and Canada through word of mouth on the internet. According to the study by Barrett and Leddy the films promotion and outreach activities play an important role in not only increasing the size of the audience and sales but to use films as vehicles of social change. The relevance of the storyline directly influences the success of the movie. Popularity of the star cast, director and producer positively influences the success of the movie. Promotion positively influences the success of a movie. Success is defined as an event that accomplishes its intended purpose. Success of a movie is a very debatable topic as different people perceive success differently. Some attribute the success of the movie to the box office revenue generated by it, for others it is the number of awards won by the movie. People also perceive a movie to be successful if it was able to create an impact and awareness about the issue or was able to cause a social drive which changed the mindset of the people regarding that issue. If a person perceives a movie to be a success then the movie has a strong lasting impression in his mind. The ability of a film to create awareness about an issue is the first step to any kind of social change. In this regard the researchers have considered both the diversity as well as the size of the audience. The research makes an attempt to see whether the film could reach people beyond those who already knew and cared about the issue illustrated in the movie. While looking at the success of motion pictures, a great deal of importance is attached to the number of moviegoers and the gross revenue generated (box-office earnings), along with the movies profitability (Thurau, Walsh Wruck, 2001). In order for a movie to be long term box office success it is imperative that there should be elements present that complement the overall quality of the movie, which can be done effectively through viewers perception and the critical reviews that it obtains. In the arena of new product deve lopment, word of mouth (WOM) plays a significant role because building consumer awareness is of vital importance, and consumers need information when deciding whether to purchase a product they do not know well (Mahajan, Muller, and Kerin 1984). Similarly movie reviews largely influence the decision of people to watch the movie. Word of mouth is supposed to be more credible and trustworthy, and it is more readily accessible through social networks (Banerjee 1992; Brown and Reingen 1987; Murray 1991). Due to the large number of movies being released these days, movies are seen as consumer goods and not just a source of entertainment. A McKinsey Company study found that 67% of the sales of consumer goods are based on WOM (Taylor 2003). Movies which have performed well on the box office are likely to have a greater impact about the issue being addressed. A lot of research has been done to study the effect of the box office success as a driver for carrying out a social change. Barrett and Leddy in their study stated that while looking at a movie as having the potential for social impact it is important to move beyond the box office success and look at the overall impact generated. While one looks at the number of people who saw the film, whats more important is how many people understood the issue for which it was made. It is not reasonable to expect broad social change if there is little awareness of the fact that a problem exists. In some cases, just getting the audience to watch the film and better understand the issue is sufficient as creating awareness is of prime importance while trying to bring a social change. The number of awards won by a movie also influences the perception of people regarding its success. A lot of studies have taken awards as an independent variable for predicting the success of the movie as it is perceived that awards reflect quality or might help in generating bigger revenues for the movie. However, the relationship between quality reflected by winning awards and the quality as perceived by movie viewers is yet to be established in a significant manner (Chang Ki, 2005). Movies like Ben Hur, Titanic and Lord of The Rings are considered to be some of the most successful movies and this can be attributed to the fact that each of them has won a record breaking 11 awards at Oscars. Moreover these movies have a higher recall value in the viewers minds and have had a greater impact as compared to movies which have won lesser or no awards. The perceived success of a movie has a positive influence on the social awareness generated. According to Max Weber action can be defined as human behavior which the agent or agents seen as being subjectively meaningful. In this case meaning does not necessarily imply that it has to be objectively correct or true by some metaphysical criterion. Action when looked at this context mainly refers to the initiatives or steps taken by them in the immediate future after being exposed to an external stimulus. For the purpose of this research paper the external stimulus referred to is the movie that the people are exposed to. Action here is judged in terms of steps taken by them in the immediate time span post this exposure. Action can be taken being mainly composed of two aspects. The first refers to the dimension by which people feel like the engine of empowerment. It basically refers to the mechanism through which individuals get energized and feel passionate about the work or cause. The second dimension talks about competence which basically refers to an individuals belief that h e/she has what it takes to do a task well. Without a sense of confidence in their abilities, individuals feel not adequate or empowered and thus may not be motivated enough to take any kind of action (Conger Kanungo, 1988). When talking about impact we consider the long term and sustainable change generated in the peoples attitude and perception about a particular object which in this case would be the movie in question. Impact can be seen as comprising of two primary dimensions. The first thing that it talks about is the concept of self-determination. This primarily refers to whether individuals see themselves as the origin of their actions (DeCharms, 1968) it is very essential for a person to view herself/himself as the source of the action or change if the effect created on them initially is to be sustained on a long run basis. The second part refers to a sense of accomplishment that an individual would feel when he believes that he is able to cause a difference in the manner th ings happen around him. Without a sense of progression towards a goal, without a belief that their actions are influencing the system, people would not feel empowered (Thomas Velthouse, 1990). Action and Impact have been incorporated as a part of the social awareness generated as any change initiated in society or elsewhere will not be complete if checked only in terms of the immediate consequences without giving due importance to its sustainability. Often when exposed to a strong external stimulus people respond by taking some immediate action however, any meaningful change can occur only if the effect of the influence remains on a relatively permanent basis. Result and Analysis Cronbachs Alpha Chak De : Constructs 0.740 Chak De : Questionnaire 0.907 Dor: Questionnaire 0.904 Dor : Constructs 0.774 Since the area of our research is relatively less explored and the scale used was also developed by us therefore we conducted the reliability test on the various aspects of this study to ensure the reliability of the test scores obtained. As a rule of thumb, a reliability of 0.70 or higher is considered satisfactory to use an instrument further. We conducted this test to obtain the alpha value for the responses received under both the movies to check the internal consistency of the test scores. The values obtained were as given in Table- . since all the values obtained were greater than 0.70, we could conclude with a reasonable level of confidence that the items used were capable of measuring the given constructs and thus the responses received could be used to carry the research forward. In addition to this all the variables used to capture the various constructs were all us put through the reliability test. The findings of the same have been reported in Table and Table Chak De India Cronbachs Alpha Construct Movie Characteristics Storyline 0.354 Popularity of the director 0.598 Popularity of the actor 0.537 Promotion done 0.770 Construct Perceived success of the movie 0.528 Construct Awareness generated about women empowerment Action 0.522 Impact 0.424 Dor Cronbachs Alpha Construct Movie Characteristics Storyline 0.576 Popularity of the director 0.591 Popularity of the actor 0.641 Promotion done 0.625 Construct Perceived success of the movie 0.516 Construct Awareness generated about women empowerment Action 0.740 Impact 0.801 To gauge the impact of movies on the social awareness generated we have used the four-step mediation analysis method developed by Baron and Kenny (1986). There are four variable in the construct Movie Characteristics and we have carried out a separate mediation analysis for each of the four variables. In the first step storyline of the movie is taken as the independent variable/ predictor in the regression equation and social awareness generated as the outcome/ criterion variable. The second step uses storyline as the predictor and perceived success of the movie as the criterion variable. In the third step perceived success of the movie is taken as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. In the fourth step both storyline and the perceived success are taken as the predictors and the social awareness is taken as the criterion variable. This is done in order to compare the effects of the mediator which in our model is the perceived success if the movie. T he mediation analysis has been done separately for both the movies. Chak De India Step Relation R2 Adjusted R2 Standardized Type of Mediation 1 x1 to y 0.486 0.483 0.697 Partial Mediation 2 x1 to z 0.209 0.204 0.457 3 z to y 0.235 0.23 0.485 4 x1,z to y 0.521 0.514 0.601 (x1) 0.210 (z) 1 x2 to y 0.45 0.447 0.671 Partial Mediation 2 x2 to z 0.225 0.22 0.475 3 z to y 0.235 0.23 0.485 4 x2,z to y 0.486 0.479 0.569 (x2) 0.241 (z) 1 x3 to y 0.242 0.237 0.492 Partial Mediation 2 x3 to z 0.116 0.11 0.34 3 z to y 0.235 0.23 0.485 4 x3,z to y 0.356 0.347 0.37 (x3) 0.359 (z) 1 x4 to y 0.423 0.419 0.65 Partial Mediation 2 x4 to z 0.257 0.252 0.507 3 z to y 0.235 0.23 0.485 4 x4,z to y 0.455 0.448 0.545 (x4) 0.208 (z) Table 1: Regression results of the four step mediation analysis for Chak De India Notes: x1 refers to storyline; x2 refers to popularity of director; x3 refers to promotion done; x4 refers to popularity of star cast; y refers to social awareness generated; z refers to perceived success; p0.05 Storyline Step 1 shows the results of regression using storyline as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the storyline is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.486 and p0.05). Step 2 shows the results of regression using storyline as the predictor and perceived success as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the storyline is significantly and positively related to perceived success (R2 = 0.209 and p0.05) thus validating our research hypothesis H1. Step 3 shows the results of regression using perceived success as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the perceived success is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.235 and p0.05) thus validating our research hypothesis H4. Step 4 shows the results of regression using storyline and perceived success as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the both storyline and perceived success are significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.521 and p0.05). Moreover the standardized beta value obtained in this step for storyline ( = 0.601) is lower than the value obtained in step 1 ( = 0.697) which indicates that the perceived success partially mediates the relationship between storyline and the social awareness generated. Popularity of Director (POD) Step 1 shows the results of regression using POD as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the POD is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.45 and p0.05). Step 2 shows the results of regression using POD as the predictor and perceived success as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the POD is significantly and positively related to perceived success (R2 = 0.225 and p0.05) thus validating our research hypothesis H2. Step 3 shows the results of regression using perceived success as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the perceived success is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.235 and p0.05). Step 4 shows the results of regression using both POD and perceived success as the predictors and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the both POD and perceived success are significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.486 and p0.05). Moreover the standardized beta value obtained in this step for POD ( = 0.569) is lower than the value obtained in step 1 ( = 0.671) which indicates that the perceived success partially mediates the relationship between POD and the social awareness generated. Promotion Done Step 1 shows the results of regression using promotion as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the promotion is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.242 and p0.05). Step 2 shows the results of regression using promotion as the predictor and perceived success as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the promotion is significantly and positively related to perceived success (R2 = 0.116 and p0.05) thus validating our research hypothesis H3. Step 3 shows the results of regression using perceived success as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the perceived success is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.235 and p0.05). Step 4 shows the results of regression using both promotion and perceived success as the predictors and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the both promotion and perceived success are significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.356 and p0.05). Moreover the standardized beta value obtained in this step for promotion ( = 0.37) is lower than the value obtained in step 1 ( = 0.492) which indicates that the perceived success partially mediates the relationship between promotion and the social awareness generated. Popularity of Star Cast (POS) Step 1 shows the results of regression using POS as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the POS is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.423 and p0.05). Step 2 shows the results of regression using POS as the predictor and perceived success as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the POS is significantly and positively related to perceived success (R2 = 0.257 and p0.05). Step 3 shows the results of regression using perceived success as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the perceived success is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.235 and p0.05). Step 4 shows the results of regression using both POS and perceived success as the predictors and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the both POS and perceived success are significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.455 and p0.05). Moreover the standardized beta value obtained in this step for POS ( = 0.545) is lower than the value obtained in step 1 ( = 0.65) which indicates that the perceived success partially mediates the relationship between POS and the social awareness generated. We also calculated the effect of the movie characteristics on the social awareness generated by taking all the four variables together as the predictors and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. This was done to gauge which variable had the strongest influence on the social awareness generated. Variable Standardized Beta Storyline 0.35 Director 0.19 Promotion 0.07 Actor 0.25 Table 2: Regression results for movie characteristics variables on social awareness for Chak De India The results in the above table indicate that storyline of the movie is the most instrumental factor in creating social awareness about the concerned issue. The results also indicate that the promotion alone does not influence the generation of social awareness, and a mediating effect is required through the perceived success. In other words, only if the movie is perceived to be successful, the promotion will influence the social awareness generated. DOR Step Relation R2 Adjusted R2 Standardized Beta Type of Mediation 1 x1 to y 0.434 0.43 0.659 Partial Mediation 2 x1 to z 0.296 0.291 0.544 3 z to y 0.348 0.344 0.59 4 x1,z to y 0.51 0.504 0.48 (x1) 0.329 (z) 1 x2 to y 0.248 0.243 0.498 Partial Mediation 2 x2 to z 0.118 0.112 0.344 3 z to y 0.348 0.344 0.59 4 x2,z to y 0.51 0.504 0.334 (x2) 0.475 (z) 1 x3 to y 0.321 0.316 0.566 Partial Mediation 2 x3 to z 0.203 0.198 0.451 3 z to y 0.348 0.344 0.59 4 x3,z to y 0.461 0.454 0.377 (x3) 0.420 (z) 1 x4 to y 0.331 0.326 0.575 Partial Mediation 2 x4 to z 0.195 0.19 0.442 3 z to y 0.348 0.344 0.59 4 x4,z to y 0.471 0.464 0.391 (x4) 0.417 (z) Table 3: Regression results of the four step mediation analysis for DOR Notes: x1 refers to storyline; x2 refers to popularity of director; x3 refers to promotion done; x4 refers to popularity of star cast; y refers to social awareness generated; z refers to perceived success; p0.05 Storyline Step 1 shows the results of regression using storyline as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the storyline is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.434 and p0.05). Step 2 shows the results of regression using storyline as the predictor and perceived success as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the storyline is significantly and positively related to perceived success (R2 = 0.296 and p0.05) thus validating our research hypothesis H1. Step 3 shows the results of regression using perceived success as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the perceived success is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.348 and p0.05) thus validating our research hypothesis H4. Step 4 shows the results of regression using storyline and perceived success as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the both storyline and perceived success are significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.51 and p0.05). Moreover the standardized beta value obtained in this step for storyline ( = 0.48) is lower than the value obtained in step 1 ( = 0.691) which indicates that the perceived success partially mediates the relationship between storyline and the social awareness generated. Popularity of Director (POD) Step 1 shows the results of regression using POD as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the POD is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.248 and p0.05). Step 2 shows the results of regression using POD as the predictor and perceived success as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the POD is significantly and positively related to perceived success (R2 = 0.118 and p0.05) thus validating our research hypothesis H2. Step 3 shows the results of regression using perceived success as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the perceived success is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.348 and p0.05). Step 4 shows the results of regression using both POD and perceived success as the predictors and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the both POD and perceived success are significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.51 and p0.05). Moreover the standardized beta value obtained in this step for POD ( = 0.334) is lower than the value obtained in step 1 ( = 0.498) which indicates that the perceived success partially mediates the relationship between POD and the social awareness generated. Promotion Done Step 1 shows the results of regression using promotion as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the promotion is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.321 and p0.05). Step 2 shows the results of regression using promotion as the predictor and perceived success as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the promotion is significantly and positively related to perceived success (R2 = 0.203 and p0.05) thus validating our research hypothesis H3. Step 3 shows the results of regression using perceived success as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the perceived success is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.348 and p0.05). Step 4 shows the results of regression using both promotion and perceived success as the predictors and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the both promotion and perceived success are significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.461 and p0.05). Moreover the standardized beta value obtained in this step for promotion ( = 0.377) is lower than the value obtained in step 1 ( = 0.566) which indicates that the perceived success partially mediates the relationship between promotion and the social awareness generated. Popularity of Star Cast (POS) Step 1 shows the results of regression using POS as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the POS is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.331 and p0.05). Step 2 shows the results of regression using POS as the predictor and perceived success as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the POS is significantly and positively related to perceived success (R2 = 0.195 and p0.05). Step 3 shows the results of regression using perceived success as the predictor and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the perceived success is significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.348 and p0.05). Step 4 shows the results of regression using both POS and perceived success as the predictors and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. The step revealed that the both POS and perceived success are significantly and positively related to social awareness generated (R2 = 0.471 and p0.05). Moreover the standardized beta value obtained in this step for POS ( = 0.391) is lower than the value obtained in step 1 ( = 0.575) which indicates that the perceived success partially mediates the relationship between POS and the social awareness generated. We also calculated the effect of the movie characteristics on the social awareness generated by taking all the four variables together as the predictors and social awareness generated as the criterion variable. This was done to gauge which variable had the strongest influence on the social awareness generated. Variable Standardized Beta Storyline 0.39 Director 0.19 Promotion 0.18 Actor 0.21 Table 4: Regression results for movie characteristics variables on social awareness for DOR The results in the above table indicate that storyline of the movie is the most instrumental factor in creating social awareness about the concerned issue. Discussion and Implications The results and scope of this study can have great implications in terms of providing new ways and means of reaching out to people in order to make them more aware and conscious about the social issues plaguing the society. The first step towards bringing about any meaningful change in society is to create awareness about the fact that a problem exists. Since movies have a mass appeal they can be shaped on the basis of this study to ensure that they are used as an effective medium for mobilizing people to work towards a greater good. One of the most important implications of this study derives from the fact that the storyline of the movie has the greatest impact in generating awareness about a particular issue. Thus it can be assured to a large extent that a movie made for initiating social change will have the desired impact if it has a strong script, which is capable of conveying the message to the target audience in a lucid manner. Another important result derived from this study is the partial mediation effect of the perceived success of the movie on the impact generated by it. This implies that a movie maker can only partially control the factors such as the star cast, director et al. that influence the impact generated by the movie as the rest will depend on whether the viewers perceive the movie as a success or not. Scope for Future Research The amount of research work done in judging the impact of movies on people particularly in the dimension of generating social awareness had been increasing slowly; however, there is still a lot of scope for further research work to be done. One of the major areas for future researchers to work upon would be the development of a scale that can be used to capture the various dimensions of the constructs included in the model used for the purpose of this study. The scale developed in such a case would not only be required to be tested for face validity but also for content validity in order to ensure that it is able to capture all the facets involved. Future research also provides scope to extend this study to various other social causes pertinent to the society. This will also provide a chance to determine whether the factors that influence the impact generated by a movie differ with the kind of issue being addressed. Also, in the future research work one could take into account the ef fect of foreign films in generating social awareness within a domestic framework. With increasing globalization, and improvement in technology more and more people are being exposed to foreign films. This provides a chance to study if and how an international movie can influence perceptions and belief systems of a different culture and society. Limitations and Conclusions This particular study was conducted to try and capture the social awareness as generated among the people regarding the issue of empowerment of women post watching a moving dealing with the same. Since the survey deals with the respondents painting a social picture of themselves the study by its very nature becomes open to the effect of social desirability bias. Social desirability basically reflects a tendency present in the subjects to try and deny socially undesirable traits and to try and claim the socially desirable ones which are likely to place them in a favorable light. This kind of behavior is particularly shaped by what people believe is the acceptable norm in society. Norms are important determinants of what would constitute behavior that is socially acceptable, as they determine what makes a good impression in a given situation ( cf Atteslander Kneubuhler , 1975). When an element of social desirability creeps into the minds of the respondents their responses tend to beco me distorted as rather than giving their true opinion about the cause under consideration ( in this case that of empowerment of women), they try and project an image of what they feel would be the tight kind of opinion to have or the right kind of behavior to indulge in, so as to gain social acceptability. Their focus then shifts to projecting conformity with social standards and opinions rather than giving a picture of their true selves. This particular factor inhibits any study which tries to gauge peoples response in any area of social responsibility. This has also been one of the major impeding factors in this study when collecting data from the respondents as it is hard to be absolutely sure that the responses as submitted by them reflect their true perception about the subject matter of the study. We tried to limit the extent of this factor by giving an option to the respondents where in they could choose not to disclose their identity while filling in the responses. However, the desire to appear socially desirable is so strong in people that they may not completely trust the fact that their responses could not be traced to them and would thus focus more on appearing socially acceptable. Another major limitation that we came across while conducting this study was the lack of any pre-established scale. The variables which were included as part of the various constructs did not have exact measurement scales available for them. As a result in order to capture the primary data we developed and administered a questionnaire on our own using the Likert scale for measurement purposes. The developed questionnaire could be tested only for face validity and the content validity of the scale is yet to be tested. The content validity checks the extent to which a measure is able to capture all the facets of a given social construct. For a scale to be completely valid and reliable one should take into account the content validity also. However, it was beyond the scope of this paper to test the developed scale for content validity, and hence we have had to make do only with face validity. The scope of the given study is limited to only two movies, where as to obtain a more holistic perspective one could take into account more movies made on the issue of empowerment of women, across different time lines and genres. Another constraining factor is the number of respondents who have been approached for the study. By increasing the number of respondents probably across different age groups and locations we could get a more complete perspective on the kind of impact that has been generated on the viewers.

Guidelines, Policies And Procedures Within Own Uk Home...

1. Give a brief outline of current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within own UK Home affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. The United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child 1989 is legislation that exists but does not form part of English law. Although it is not English law Governments have said that they are bound by this convention. Its purpose is to ensure children are kept safe and looked after. Children have the right to be protected from violence, neglect, abuse, maltreatment by those people looking after them. Working Together to Safeguard Children (2010) sets out the guidelines on how the setting and individuals should work to safeguard and promote the welfare of children and young people. This is in conjunction with the Children Act 1989 and the Children Act 2004. This document covers what to do when there are concerns about a child and the correct procedures to follow. 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There are six beliefs within the Children Act 1989: * The best place for children to be looked after is within their own homes. * The welfareRead More5.2 Summarise the Policies and Procedures Schools May Have Relating to: †¢ Staff †¢ Pupil Welfare †¢ Teaching and Learning †¢ Equality, Diversity and Inclusion †¢ Parental Engagement.1533 Words   |  7 Pageslegislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within own UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. †¢ Working together to safeguard children (2006-2010) †¢ Children act (2004) †¢ Education act(2002) †¢ Disability discrimination act (1995) †¢ Special education needs (SEN) couch practice (2000) †¢ Data protection information handling and sharing 2. Explain child protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and young people. This

Marketing Consumer Behaviour and Motivation

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Consumer Behaviour and Motivation. Answer: Introduction: Motivation is a driving force for individuals and keeps people moving. According to the dynamic nature of motivation, needs are never fully satisfied. As the old needs are satisfied, new needs emerge. The Tasmanian wine producers identify the consumer desire for physiological and psychological needs. As seen above, wine and culture go beyond fulfilling the physiological needs of the consumers as it connects emotionally and creates hedonistic desire such as experiences (Hoyer and MacInnis 2013). From the above figure, it is interpreted that the unfulfilled needs and wants create tension and drive that impacts behaviour. There is a realization that the desire needs to be fulfilled that reduces tension. The same cycle is repeated. The Tasmanian wine producers target these needs and position their products in a way that motivates consumers (Thomas 2014). Arousal of motives Any particular need is aroused due to development of stimuli. Below are the factors that arouse motives among the consumers of Tasmanian wine producers. Physiological arousal- For the people who regularly consume wine may feel aroused or experience craving for wine. It may create a state of stress if the consumers do not consume wine (Hoyer and MacInnis 2013). Emotional arousal- There is emotional arousal when people feel emotions on a regular basis. The wine consumers are connected emotionally. According to the case study, there is a combination of art exhibition and spectacular scenery at the cellar door. The premium wine and good music create a great ambience which motivates or arouses the consumers (Hoyer and MacInnis 2013). Cognitive arousal- According to the case study, producers launched series of print advertisement within vineyard pictures and music radio that leads the consumers to a cognitive awareness of needs. The random thoughts arising from these factors or cognitive awareness leads to cognitive arousal (Hoyer and MacInnis 2013). Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory According to the Maslows theory of need and motivation, a person attempts to fulfil five basic needs- physiological, safety and security, social, self-esteem and self-actualization. Physiological needs- The physiological needs are important for sustaining life. Maslow states that food, warmth, medicine, education and sleep are the basic needs. For living a happy life, the wine consumers need wine for satisfying their craving. According to the case study, the cuisine made on site is made of local quality produce. There is provision of on-site accommodation that provides rest and warmth to the consumers. There is wine tasting and the venue serves as a weekend getaway location (Taormina and Gao 2013). Safety and security needs- These needs are free of physical danger or fear of losing property, food or shelter that can protect against emotional harm. According to the case study, the history gallery appeals the consumers who look forward to gather maximum knowledge. There is adequate storage and the consumers have disposable income to consume wine. The above needs are important but not as important as the basic physiological needs (Cofer and Appley 2013). Social needs- Social needs refer to love, belonging and other feelings that create a sense of acceptance and affection. According to the case study, there is hosting club to appeal consumers who desire love, belonging and social needs. The people become more knowledgeable among the opinion leaders and peers in their clique. There is group tastings and discussions that encourage the social life of wine consumers. As all wine lovers have it in common, there is one common interest that makes people feel accepted (Singh and Behera 2016). Esteem needs- According to the theory, after feeling the need to belong, people feel the need to be held in esteem both by themselves and others. According to the case study, there is increased use of social media and people exhibit the understanding of wine. The people are on first name basis with the experts that enhances self-esteem. With premium Tasmanian wine, renowned music concerts and excellent food, the self-esteem needs are fulfilled (Piche?re, Cadiat and Probert 2015). Self-actualization- This is considered as the highest need in the hierarchy. According to the case study, there are different art exhibition, multiple theme festivals, music concerts and others by the wine producers that help wine consumers in attaining self-fulfilment need. These events enhance the experience of art and culture (Hoyer and MacInnis 2013). Therefore, the above motivational factors are used by Tasmanian wine producers and influence the consumer behaviour. The Tasmanian wine producers predict the consumer needs and motivations. The high involvement and enthusiasm combined with culture makes the Tasmanian wine successful. References Cofer, C. and Appley, M., 2013.Motivation: theory and research. 1st ed. New York: Wiley. Hoyer, W. and MacInnis, D., 2013.Consumer behavior. 1st ed. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Piche?re, P., Cadiat, A. and Probert, C., 2015.Maslow's Hierarchy of needs. 1st ed. New York: 50 minutes. Singh, T. and Behera, M., 2016. Application of the Maslow's Hierarchy of Need Theory: Impacts and Implications on Employee's Career Stages.Training Development Journal, 7(2), p.43. Taormina, and Gao, 2013. Maslow and the Motivation Hierarchy: Measuring Satisfaction of the Needs.The American Journal of Psychology, 126(2), p.155. Thomas, K., 2014.Intrinsic motivation at work. 1st ed. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.